tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43997492795197717422023-11-15T08:47:54.614-08:00TheodolitDhanyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15196796099280761490noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4399749279519771742.post-44703514345629763262009-08-08T13:46:00.001-07:002009-08-09T05:52:39.366-07:00<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%;" align="center"><b>THEODOLIT TOPCON<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Theodolit</b> adalah salah satu alat ukur tanah yang digunakan untuk menentukan tinggi tanah dengan sudut mendatar dan sudut tegak. Berbeda dengan waterpass yang hanya memiliki sudut mendatar saja. <span style=""> </span>Di dalam theodolit sudut yang dapat di baca bisa sampai pada satuan sekon (detik).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam pekerjaan – pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan ukur tanah, theodolit sering digunakan dalam bentuk pengukuran polygon, pemetaan situasi, maupun pengamatan matahari. Theodolit juga bisa berubah fungsinya menjadi seperti Pesawat Penyipat Datar bila sudut verticalnya dibuat 90º.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.85pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan adanya teropong pada theodolit, maka theodolit dapat dibidikkan kesegala arah. Di dalam pekerjaan bangunan gedung, theodolit sering digunakan untuk menentukan sudut siku-siku pada perencanaan / pekerjaan pondasi, theodolit juga dapat digunakan untuk menguker ketinggian suatu bangunan bertingkat.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>BAGIAN – BAGIAN DARI THEODOLIT<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, konstruksi theodolit terbagi atas dua bagian :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style=""><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i>Bagian atas, terdiri dari :<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Teropong / Teleskope</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Nivo tabung</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup Okuler dan Objektif</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup Gerak Vertikal<span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup gerak horizontal</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Teropong bacaan sudut vertical dan horizontal</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Nivo kotak</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup pengunci teropong</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup pengunci sudut vertical</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup pengatur menit dan detik</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup pengatur sudut horizontal dan vertikal</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style=""><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i>Bagian Bawah terdiri dari :<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Statif / Trifoot</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tiga sekrup penyetel nivo kotak</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Unting – unting</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup repitisi</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sekrup pengunci pesawat dengan statif</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>MACAM / JENIS THEODOLIT<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><span style=""> </span></b>Macam Theodolit berdasarkan konstruksinya, dikenal dua macam yaitu:<b><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=""><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i>Theodolit Reiterasi<span style=""> </span>( Theodolit sumbu tunggal )</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 53.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Dalam theodolit ini, lingkaran skala mendatar menjadi satu dengan kiap, sehingga bacaan skala mendatarnya tidak bisa di atur.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Theodolit yang di maksud adalah theodolit type T0 (wild) dan type DKM-2A (Kem)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style=""><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i>Theodolite Repitisi<o:p></o:p></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Konsruksinya kebalikan dari theodolit reiterasi, yaitu bahwa lingkaran mendatarnya dapt diatur dan dapt mengelilingi sumbu tegak.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Akibatnya dari konstuksi ini, maka bacaan lingkaran skala mendatar 0º, dapat ditentukan kearah bdikan / target myang dikehendaki. Theodolit yang termasuk ke dakm jenis ini adalah theodolit type TM 6 dan TL 60-DP (Sokkisha ), TL 6-DE (Topcon), Th-51 (Zeiss)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Macam Theodolit menurut sistem bacaannya:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolite sistem baca dengan Indexs Garis</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolite sistem baca dengan Nonius</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolite sistem baca dengan Micrometer</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolite sistem baca dengan Koinsidensi</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolite sistem baca dengan Digital</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Theodolit menurut skala ketelitian</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolit Presisi (Type T3/ Wild)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolit Satu Sekon (Type T2 / Wild)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolit Spuluh Sekon (Type TM-10C / Sokkisha)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolit Satu Menit (Type T0 / Wild)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Theodolit Sepuluh Menit ( Type DK-1 / Kern)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" start="3" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b>PERSYARATAN OPERASI THEODOLIT</b></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Sumbu ı harus tegak lurus dengan sumbu ıı (dengan menyetel nivo tabung dan nivo kotaknya).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Garis bidik harus tegak lurus dengan sumbu ıı.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Garis jurusan nivo skala tegak, harus sejajar dengan indeks skala tegak.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Garis jurusan nivo skala mendatar, harus tegak lurus dengan sumbu ıı.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" start="4" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;">CARA-CARA PENYETELAN THEODOLIT:<o:p></o:p></span></b></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Dirikan statif sesui dengan prosedur yang ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Pasang pesawat diatas kepala statif dengan mengikatkan landasan peawat dan sekrup pengunci di kepala statif.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Stel nivo kotak dengan cara:<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Verdana;">Putarlah sekrup A,B secara bersama-sama hingga gelembung nivo bergeser kearah garis sekrup C. (lihat gambar a)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Putarlah sekrup c ke kiri atau ke kanan hingga gelembung nivo bergeser ketengah (lihat gambar b)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Setel nivo tabung dengan sekrup penyetel nivo tabung.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:170.25pt;"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1026" height="293" width="227" /><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:180pt;height:210pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1027" height="280" width="240" /><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span>Bila penyetelan nivo tabung menggunakan tiga sekrup penyetel</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span>(A,B,C), maka caranya adalah:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Putar teropong dan sejajarkan dengan dua sekrup A,B <span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>(lihat gambar a)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Putarlah sekrup A, B masuk atau keluar secara bersama-sama, hingga gelembung nivo bergeser ke tengah (lihat gambar a)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Putarlah teropong 90<span style="font-family: Verdana;">º</span> ke arah garis sekrup C (lihat gambar b)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Putar sekrup C ke kiri<span style=""> </span>atau ke kanan hingga gelembung nivo bergeser ketengah.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Periksalah kembali kedudukan gelembung nivo kotak dan nivo tabung dengan cara memutar teropong ke segala arah</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">E.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>CARA PEMBACAAN BAAK UKUR<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Pada rambu ukur akan terlihat huruf E dan beberapa kotak kecil yang berwarna merah dan hitam. Setiap huruf E mempunyai jarak 5 cm dan setiap kotak kecil panjangnya 1cm.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0cm;" start="6" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b>LANGKAH PERHITUNGAN<o:p></o:p></b></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:494.25pt;height:255.75pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1028" height="341" width="659" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">G.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b>PERHITUNGAN JARAK<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><b><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:324.75pt;height:172.5pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image008.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1029" height="230" width="433" /><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->JIKA MEMAKAI SUDUT VERTIKAL (ZENITH) :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do = (BA-BB) x100 x sin V, jarak optis</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt 89.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do = (BA-BB) x 100 x sin2 V, jarak datar</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->JIKA MEMAKAI SUDUT VERTIKAL (ELEVASI)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do = (BA-BB) x 100 x cos V, jarak optis</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do = (BA-BB) x100 x cos2 V, jarakk datar</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style=""><span style="">H.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]-->PERHITUNGAN BEDA TINGGI (<span style="font-family: Verdana;">∆</span>H)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Jika memakai sudut vertical (zenith) :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;">∆</span>h = ta + <u><span style=""> </span>dh<span style=""> </span></u>– BT</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>tan V<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Jika memakai sudut vertical (elevasi) :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">∆h = ta + (dh x tan V) – BT</p> <ol start="9" type="A"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">PERHITUNGAN KETINGGIAN </li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">TPx = TP1 + ∆h</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">TP1 adalah ketinggian di titik pesawat</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style=""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:6in;height:474.75pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image010.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1025" height="633" width="576" /><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'width:495pt;height:497.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\pc\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.png" title=""> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/pc/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image012.jpg" shapes="_x0000_i1030" height="663" width="660" /><!--[endif]--></p>Dhanyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15196796099280761490noreply@blogger.com1